Paleontologic Data Fossilized on IBM 8" Floppies. Last of the 'active' coal balls: cut coal balls that were recently processed for coal ball peeling in the laboratory of the late Dr. Tom L. Phillips at the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign (Photo credit: Cindy Looy). From the "treasure trove": Cindy holds up one of the ...
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Fossils are preserved anatomically in carbonate concretions and studied in serial sections prepared using the cellulose acetate peel technique. Siewers and Phillips (2015): Petrography and microanalysis of Pennsylvanian coalball concretions (Herrin Coal, Illinois Basin, USA): Bearing on fossil plant preservation and coalball origins ...
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The coal balls saved, therefore, represent only a fraction of the actual processing activity of the lab. The peels, like the coal balls themselves, were, and still are as of this writing, systematically organized, housed, and labeled. Inventing CoalBall Paleoecology Fieldwork is the unseen part of coalball studies, and collecting
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The Tommy L. Phillips coal ball collection at the University of Illinois contains a voluminous quantity of Carboniferous coal balls (permineralized peat) and coal ball peels from around the world, with the bulk hailing from the Illinois Basin. Contained in the collection are a variety of sample sets and maps, including 'vertical sections' where ...
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peels from these vertically stacked coal ball zones, reveals a variety of compac tional and degradational state patterns, as well as crosscutting relationships within individual coal ball specimens.
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Assignment : The Coal Ball: A Reservoir of Plant Fossils Directions: Using the material from Exercise, complete the following. 1. DRAW some of the cellular material you discovered in your coal ball peel in the space below: 2. The plant cells you have observed are present in a coal ball that formed at the same time as the coal seam from whence it came; that would make these cells ...
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Detail of a socalled coal ball peel: a cross section of the anatomically preserved plant tissues inside a single coal ball from the Herrin Coal, Peabody Eagle Surface Mine Number 2, Shawneetown, Illinois. Age upper Middle Pennsylvanian. A thin layer of plant material is embedded in a transparent acetate sheet, or peel.
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When acetate peels are prepared from cut coalball slices, dissolved acetate infiltrates microvoids created by acid etching. When a peel is lifted from a coal ball slice, coalified plant remains are wellembedded in the dried acetate film. Coalball carbonate minerals are partially embedded in a similar manner, in particular, the fibrous ...
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OPC Coal Ball Peel That the Specimen Came From: (was Leisman Peel 2160 B(3)IX1) OPC Slide Containing the Specimen: (was Leisman Slide 2160 B(3)IX1) OPC Specimen Number: (section of cut peel mounted on microscope slide identified as a specific spore)
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DRAW some of the cellular material you discovered in your coal ball peel in the space below: 2. The plant cells you have observed are present in a coal ball that formed at the same time as the coal seam from whence it came; that would make these cells approximately 380my years old. 3. These cells are from which geological period? Carbon ephorus
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of plant tissue lifted whole from slices of the coal ball. The photographof the coal ball peel in figure 2 illustrates the excellent preservation of the plant remains found in some coal balls and the beauty of fossil peat and peel preparations. Deposits of fossil peat of Pennsylvanian age are found in Europe as well as in the United States.
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During more than four decades, about 800,000 cm2 of coal ball peels have been microscopically investigated. For each cm2, plant taxa, plant organs, and tissue types have been identified and enumerated. In unparalleled detail, these data provide information on the (aut)ecology and evolution of the autogenic ecosystem engineers that formed the ...
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Stratigraphy: Cherokee Group: Cabaniss Formation: Mineral or Fleming Coal; Age: Paleozoic: Pennsylvanian: Desmoinesian; Associated Coal Ball: Leisman 745/OPC entire coal ball specimen is OPC Specimen Number . OPC Coal Ball Peel That the Specimen Came From: (was Leisman Peel 745 A1)
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Acetate paper with a thickness of inches is used to make the first peel of a coal ball after it has been cut with a rock saw. This paper type can also be used for test peels to identify the optimum etching time in acid. The .005inchthick acetate paper is more robust, reducing the chance of damage when removed.
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A coal ball is a type of concretion, varying in shape from an imperfect sphere to a flatlying, ... Upon drying, the cellulose acetate can be removed from the coal ball with a razor and the obtained peel can be stained with a lowacidity stain and observed under a microscope. Up to 50 peels can be extracted from 2 millimetres ( in) of coal ...
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The Phillips Coal Ball Collection is the largest and most significant collection of coal balls in the world. It contains almost 50,000 intact specimens and a quarter of a million "peels"—extremely thin layers (less than a cell thick) peeled from a coal ball slice. Further, the collection represents 80 different coal seams that together ...
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and structures, since most students do enjoy making coalball peels and are amazed at the quality of thin sections they personally turn out. Interdiscipli nary courses can use this exercise as a springboard or corollary activity to considerations of topics relating past events to present concerns, past plant
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the cellulose acetate peel method and coal ball curation. We also introduce a new protocol for the digitization and curation of peels, which is in use at the Phillips Coal Ball Collection at the University of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign. In documenting these protocols, we hope to establish a standardized procedure for working with coal balls.
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OPC : Western Coal and Mining Company Mine #10 spoil pile, approximately 1 mile northeast of Cherokee, Crawford County, Kansas, United States Stratigraphy: Cherokee Group: Cabaniss Formation: Pittsburg Coal Age: Paleozoic: Pennsylvanian: Desmoinesian Coal Balls: 3760, 4011, 4387, seven coal balls only referred to by quantity not numbers Specimens Specimens that Leisman and his ...
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FIGURE Etched surface of coal ball slab prior to flooding the surface with acetone. FIGURE Rolling the acetate sheet into position on the coal ball slab. Bottle contains acetone. FIGURE Removing the peel from the coal ball slab surface. FIGURE Coal ball peel, left, and coal ball slab at right from which it was removed.
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Type specimen. Coal ball peels 1367 in the Paleobotanical Collections, Department of Botany, University of Kansas. DixcXxion. While the Srst well preserved transverse sections at the snlall end of the axis (Fig. 1) have a siphonostele, sectio,ns made below this point (although only showing fragmentary prleservation) indicate a trend
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Baxter's list (Baxter, 1960) of coalball plants from New Brunswick is updated and these fossil plants are illustrated here for the first time on the basis of an examination of his peels. The palynomorphs and coalball plants of the Foord seam of the Stellarton Basin are illustrated and their paleoecology is discussed.
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A description of sources of coal balls from around the world, and how they may be prepared for microscopic observation of contained fossils. Features Dr. To...
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Coal Ball Peel Technique This site from the Ohio University provides you with some tips on how to do your own coal ball, in addition to the material provided in lab. Plant Anatomy Morphology, Glenville State College Some info on extant taxa. Abbott, 1958. The American species of Asterophyllites, Annularia and Sphenophyllum.
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OPC Coal Ball Peel That the Specimen Came From: (was Leisman Peel 745 A11) OPC Slide Containing the Specimen: (was Leisman Slide 745 A11) OPC Specimen Number: (section of cut peel mounted on microscope slide identified as a specific sporangium) Specimen Category: Sporangium. Lot: No. Number in Lot: Single specimen
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Anthracite Coal (Hard Coal) Anthracite coal is the highest grade of coal. Anthracite is dark black, very shiny and has a glass like consistency. In the United States the primary source is Northeastern Pennsylvania. It has an average BTU content of 24 to 25 million per ton but can exceed 28 million for the highest quality anthracites.
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Several calamitean apices have been found in coalball permineralizations (Melchior and Hall, 1961; Good, 1971a). The apical cell is a fivesided pyramid with a roundly rectangular upper surface and four internal triangular surfaces that cut off apical cell derivatives. ... (1982) examined approximately 2000 spores in acetate peels from coal ...
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comparable species in coal ball studies, but it is scarcely possible to distinguish between the aforementioned 2 genera when examining coal ball peels. The reason for this is not surprising, since typical coal ball techniques very rarely reveal any external characteristics of the objects being studied. There have, however, been a few isolated ...
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Additional documents: (1) Coal Ball Plant Field Guide (description of main characteristics of major groups of plants, modern and fossil diversity; incl. images of peels to showcase the taxa; based on over 200 scanned, identified coal ball peels) (2) Coal Ball Lesson Plan (teacher guide, material list, detailed instructions) (3) Literature Cited
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coal ball: [noun] a nodule found in coal usually composed of calcite or silica and carbonaceous matter and having fragmentary or microscopic plant remains.
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